Puppy mills fill a demand
There has long been an outcry against "puppy mills" and "back yard breeders" (BYB) and the retail pet shops that sell dogs and cats. The biggest reason cited is the end game for far too many dogs and cats – they end up at publicly funded animal shelters, fail to be adopted by a new family and are euthanized. The "solutions" proposed by activists range from shutting down the puppy mills to neutering every dog and cat. These strategies are similar to the "war on drugs" - focusing primarily on the source and suppliers and not so much on the demand. While "puppy mills" and BYB are not yet outlawed like narcotics, this strategy is still doomed to failure despite any minor victories. Witness the 40+ years campaign against drug abuse - we're no closer to ending it.
Another analogy might be: There are too many cars on the road causing traffic congestion - let's stop making new cars and make everyone buy used cars! This is kinda like forcing pet shops to stop selling puppies and offer shelter animals for adoption. (more on this later)
Activists need to also address the demand side of pet ownership. There is a large demand for puppies that greatly exceed the supply of puppies from "reputable" professional breeders. Even conscientious owners have difficulty locating choice pets to adopt. My guess from talking to other dog owners is that most pets are bought at pet shops supplied by "puppy mills" - with a small percentage adopted from shelters and rescue groups. In our consumer-driven, on-demand culture, people flock to pet shops for ready to take home puppies. What you see is what you get - a shiny new puppy! It's easy, quick, convenient - and pleasant.
Let's compare the pet shop experience to what the activists advocate. Even at the best no-kill shelters, the animals are not easily accessible and not as adorable. Animals are kept in cold, utilitarian pens behind bars. Shelters are not located in malls and shopping centers and they're usually associated with abandoned or lost pets, often with behavioral and health issues. They're usually under-staffed and under-funded. Volunteers often seem to relate more with the animals than with any potential adopting family. If an animal didn't have behavioral issues before, they usually develop them from the experience of being abandoned by their former owner and being in a shelter. Usually they develop abandonment issues - they won't let you out of their sight - and they become un-housebroken. I've done this - twice. Adopting a shelter dog is like buying a used car - more than likely you are unknowingly inheriting someone else's problems.
Getting your pet from a professional, reputable breeder is even more challenging. First, you need to find the breeder for the breed you are interested in. You need to develop a relationship with the breeder over time - so that you can be put on a waiting list to be considered when the next litter of pups are ready. If you're lucky the breeder is just a few hours drive away, but usually they are in another state and you purchase the pet and it's shipped to you. (Ironically, the more difficult a state makes it for a professional breeder, the more likely the pets are supplied from out-of-state breeders - and hence, the existence of puppy mills). Furthermore, reputable breeders are selective about who they sell to - which simply drives the "unqualified" buyers to pet shops and BYBs.
Why is there such a demand for puppies? Other than Cesar Millan's Dog Whisperer, almost all other media portraits of dog ownership shows only the joys of owning a dog - from unwrapping a puppy inside a gift box to dogs rescuing humans, the popular belief is that dog is man's best friend. First time dog owners just don't anticipate all the training their new pet will require - even basic housebreaking. But heck, even with shelter dogs, you have to housebreak them all over again.
Dogs in movies & tv shows have undergone extensive training, so they seem so wonderful, obedient and intelligent. But training is something that many dog owners are not willing to invest much time in. As a result, we have plenty of untrained, misbehaving dogs. Worse, without proper training, many dogs end up being abused out of frustration by their owners. Of those owners who simply accept their dog's nature, many annoy their neighbors by keeping their dogs outside for hours and hours - resulting in annoying barking and public nuisances. Eventually, some of these owners give up their dogs for one reason or another - moving to a new place that doesn't accept pets, can't afford the vet bills, etc. How do we address the real reasons dogs end up in shelters?
Solutions:
Dog Registration - is not the whole solution. Like driving a car, pet owners ought to be licensed - required to take classes and pass a basic exam before owning a dog. In this way, more pet owners will be better prepared to deal with the realities of pet ownership and less likely to abandon pets to shelters.
Shelters need to do a better job - each animal needs to be thoroughly checked and trained to address any behavioral problems. Full disclosure needs to be made to potential adopters. Offer free basic training classes for first time dog owners. Compete with the retail experience: offer a free vet exam and health warranty with every pet adopted. Charge a higher adoption fee if you have to to cover costs - if someone can't afford the fee, they probably can't afford to keep the dog healthy. Or partner with pet shops - get your "product" in front of customers.
Puppy Mills: Regulate them better, limit their size, provide oversight. This doesn't necessarily have to be a government expense. It could be a private certification company that regulates the industry, sanctioned by the government - breeders get certified in order to sell animals to pet shops.
Replace puppy mills with organized networks of professional breeders that can produce quality pets humanely and meet demands of the market. Maybe there can be breeder co-ops that can make the process of meeting market demand more efficient.
I'm not an expert on this humongous multi-billion dollar industry - just a dog owner, so I may be wrong about some aspects - but I don't see sustainable solutions being proposed that can really make a difference. I only see activists advocating ineffective tactics and addressing only the supply side of the equation.